Oven Temperature Converter
Convert oven temperatures between Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Gas Mark. Includes a full reference chart, fan oven (convection) guidance, common recipe temperatures, and a UK vs. US recipe guide.
Celsius
177°C
Moderate oven
- Fahrenheit
- 350°F
- Celsius
- 177°C
- Gas Mark
- Gas 9
The number on the recipe or the dial.
Converting from
Oven Temperature Reference
| Description | °F | °C | Gas |
|---|---|---|---|
| 225°F | 110°C | 0.25 | |
| 250°F | 120°C | 0.5 | |
| 275°F | 135°C | 1 | |
| 300°F | 150°C | 2 | |
| 325°F | 165°C | 3 | |
| 350°F | 180°C | 4 | |
| 375°F | 190°C | 5 | |
| 400°F | 200°C | 6 | |
| 425°F | 220°C | 7 | |
| 450°F | 230°C | 8 | |
| 475°F | 245°C | 9 |
Select a description to load that temperature.
What this calculator assumes
- °F to °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9, then rounded to the nearest degree for display.
- Gas marks are a stepped scale, not continuous — a temperature between two marks is reported at the nearer one.
- These are conventional oven temperatures. Fan-assisted and convection ovens generally run hotter for the same setting.
Formulas, assumptions, and rounding are documented in our calculator methodology.
Built and maintained by Will Henschell, Data Scientist. Editorial policy.
Oven Temperature Reference Chart (°F / °C / Gas Mark)
Very low — keep warm: 200°F / 93°C / Gas ¼. Low: 250°F / 120°C / Gas ½. Slow: 300°F / 150°C / Gas 2. Moderate: 325°F / 165°C / Gas 3. Standard baking: 350°F / 180°C / Gas 4. Moderately hot: 375°F / 190°C / Gas 5. Hot: 400°F / 200°C / Gas 6. Very hot: 425°F / 220°C / Gas 7. Extremely hot: 450°F / 230°C / Gas 8. Pizza/bread: 475°F+ / 245°C+ / Gas 9.
Fan Oven (Convection) vs. Conventional Oven
Conventional ovens heat from fixed elements (usually bottom + top), creating temperature zones. Fan-assisted (convection) ovens add a fan that circulates hot air, producing more even heat throughout the cavity. Because fan ovens are more efficient, the general rule is: reduce temperature by 20°C (35°F) compared to the conventional recipe setting. If a recipe says 180°C conventional, set your fan oven to 160°C. If baking multiple trays, fan ovens handle this much better than conventional — rotate trays halfway through for best results.
Common Recipe Temperatures for Baking and Roasting
Delicate cakes (chiffon, angel food): 325°F / 165°C / Gas 3. Standard cakes and cookies: 350°F / 180°C / Gas 4. Muffins and quick breads: 375°F / 190°C / Gas 5. Roasted vegetables: 400–425°F / 200–220°C / Gas 6–7. Roast chicken (whole): 375–425°F / 190–220°C. Crusty bread and pizza: 450–500°F / 230–260°C / Gas 8–9. Meringues (slow dry): 200–225°F / 93–107°C / Gas ¼. Cheesecake (water bath): 300–325°F / 150–165°C / Gas 2–3.
UK vs. US Recipe Temperature Guidance
UK recipes use Celsius; US recipes use Fahrenheit. UK recipes often include Gas Mark for homes without electric ovens. The standard conversion is °C × 9/5 + 32 = °F. A key source of confusion: some older UK cookbooks use Celsius while others use a different Fahrenheit scale (based on 'cool/moderate/hot' descriptions that don't map perfectly). When following a UK recipe, verify the unit (°C vs. °F) before setting your oven. Most online UK recipe sites now clearly label °C and include a fan oven alternative, often noted as '160°C fan' alongside '180°C' conventional.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Gas Mark 4 = 180°C = 350°F. This is the most common baking temperature for cakes, cookies, biscuits, and many casseroles. It is described as a 'moderate' oven. Gas Mark 6 = 200°C = 400°F (hot oven, used for roasting). Gas Mark 7 = 220°C = 425°F (very hot, for pizza and pastry).
- 350°F = exactly 176.67°C, conventionally rounded to 180°C in most recipes. It is also Gas Mark 4. This is the most frequently referenced oven temperature in English-language baking recipes — used for chocolate chip cookies, layer cakes, banana bread, and many casseroles.
- Fan-assisted (convection) ovens circulate hot air and cook more efficiently than conventional ovens. General rule: reduce the temperature by 20°C (35°F) for fan mode, or reduce baking time by 10–15% at the same temperature. Example: 180°C conventional → 160°C fan. If the recipe was written for a fan oven, use the temperature as written. When in doubt, start checking 10 minutes early.
- A hot oven is typically 400–450°F (200–230°C, Gas Mark 6–8). Used for roasting vegetables, pizza, crusty breads, and pastries that need high heat for browning and crust development. A very hot oven (475°F+ / 245°C+ / Gas Mark 9) is used for thin-crust pizza and artisan bread requiring maximum browning.
- A low oven is typically 275–325°F (135–165°C, Gas Mark 1–3). Used for slow-cooked meats (pulled pork, pot roast), meringues, and drying fruits. A very low oven under 250°F (120°C / Gas ½) is used for keeping food warm or dehydrating at low heat without cooking further.